Jonathan Swift (1667–1745)
Author of Gulliver's Travels
About the Author
Apparently doomed to an obscure Anglican parsonage in Laracor, Ireland, even after he had written his anonymous masterpiece, A Tale of a Tub (c.1696), Swift turned a political mission to England from the Irish Protestant clergy into an avenue to prominence as the chief propagandist for the Tory show more government. His exhilaration at achieving importance in his forties appears engagingly in his Journal to Stella (1710--13), addressed to Esther Johnson, a young protegee for whom Swift felt more warmth than for anyone else in his long life. At the death of Queen Anne and the fall of the Tories in 1714, Swift became dean of St. Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin. In Ireland, which he considered exile from a life of power and intellectual activity in London, Swift found time to defend his oppressed compatriots, sometimes in such contraband essays as his Drapier's Letters (1724), and sometimes in such short mordant pieces as the famous A Modest Proposal (1729); and there he wrote perhaps the greatest work of his time, Gulliver's Travels (1726). Using his characteristic device of the persona (a developed and sometimes satirized narrator, such as the anonymous hack writer of A Tale of a Tub or Isaac Bickerstaff in Predictions for the Ensuing Year, who exposes an astrologer), Swift created the hero Gulliver, who in the first instance stands for the bluff, decent, average Englishman and in the second, humanity in general. Gulliver is a full and powerful vision of a human being in a world in which violent passions, intellectual pride, and external chaos can degrade him or her---to animalism, in Swift's most horrifying images---but in which humans do have scope to act, guided by the Classical-Christian tradition. Gulliver's Travels has been an immensely successful children's book (although Swift did not care much for children), so widely popular through the world for its imagination, wit, fun, freshness, vigor, and narrative skill that its hero is in many languages a common proper noun. Perhaps as a consequence, its meaning has been the subject of continuing dispute, and its author has been called everything from sentimental to mad. Swift died in Dublin and was buried next to his beloved "Stella." (Bowker Author Biography) show less
Disambiguation Notice:
Please be careful not to mistakenly combine full versions and abridged versions of Jonathan Swift's works.
Works by Jonathan Swift
Gulliver's Travels and Other Writings 200 copies
The Adventure Collection: Treasure Island / The Jungle Book / Gulliver's Travels / White Fang / The Merry Adventures of… (2012) 63 copies
A Tale of a Tub, The Battle of the Books, and Other Satires. Everyman's Library No. 347. (1909) 57 copies
Gulliver's Travels: and Alexander Pope's Verses on Gulliver's Travels (Vintage Classics) (2009) 41 copies
Gulliver's Travels [Pagemaster Classic Series - Adapted by Andrew Borkowski] (1994) — Original Author — 32 copies
Gulliver's Travels: A Story about the Value of Peace [abridged - Chick-fil-A] (2004) — Original Story — 30 copies
Tynnyritarina, sekä Kirjojen taistelu ja Kirjoitelma hengen mekaanisesta toiminnasta (1970) 27 copies
Gulliver's Travels Into Several Remote Nations of the World (Hallmark Children's Classics) (2001) 26 copies
Gulliver's Travels: A Tale of a Tub / Battle of the Books, Etc. (Oxford Standard Edition) (1933) 25 copies
Grolier Classics: Gulliver's Travels, Autobiography of Cellini, Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, Aeneid (1956) 16 copies
Reading & Training : Jonathan Swift : Gulliver's travels [book + sound recording] (2008) — Writer — 12 copies
Gulliver's travels. Part III : A voyage to Laputa, Balnibarbi, Luggnagg, Glubbdubdrib, and Japan (1998) 11 copies
Gulliver's Travels, an account of the Four Voyages in Several Remote Nations of the World, Junior Heritage… (1940) 11 copies
Jonathan Swift Collection: Gulliver's Travels, A Modest Proposal, The Battle of the Books, A Tale of a Tub, The History… (2020) 9 copies
Poems 9 copies
English Political Writings 1711-1714: 'The Conduct of the Allies' and Other Works (The Cambridge Edition of… (2008) 7 copies
Parodies, Hoaxes, Mock Treatises: Polite Conversation, Directions to Servants and Other Works (The Cambridge Edition of… (2013) 6 copies
Miscellanies 6 copies
A Complete Collection of Genteel and Ingenious Conversation, in Three Dialogues (For Her Own Good: A Series of Conduct… (1996) 6 copies
Gulliver's Travels (Priory Classics) 6 copies
A VOYAGE TO LILLIPUT BY DR. LEMUEL GULLIVER. and A VOYAGE TO BROBDINGNAG MADE BY LEMUEL GULLIVER (1950) 5 copies
Gulliver's Travels: 3100 Headwords: Further Voyages (Oxford Progressive English Readers) (1995) 5 copies
Respektlose Schriften 5 copies
Gullivers Reisen. Münchhausen. Das Gespenst von Canterbury. Drei Geschichten in einem Band (1997) 5 copies
Works of Jonathan Swift. (200 Works) Incl. Gulliver's Travels, A Modest Proposal, A Tale of a Tub, The Battle of… (2008) 5 copies
GULLIVER'S TRAVELS INTO SEVERAL REMOTE NATIONS OF THE WORLD, ARRANGED IN THREE PARTS FROM THE ORIGINAL OF JONATHAN… (1930) 4 copies
Een bescheiden voorstel om te voorkomen dat kinderen van arme mensen in Ierland hun ouders of vaderland tot last zijn,… (1996) 4 copies
Selected essays ... Decorated with engravings on wood by Jon Farleigh. Edited by R. Ellis Roberts 4 copies
Irish Political Writings after 1725: A Modest Proposal and Other Works (The Cambridge Edition of the Works of Jonathan… (2018) 4 copies
The British Essayists: Tatler Vol 2 3 copies
מסעי גוליבר 3 copies
Gulliver bei den Riesen 3 copies
Călătoriile lui Gulliver 3 copies
Complete Works of Jonathan Swift 3 copies
Opere 3 copies
A Discourse Of The Contests And Dissensions Between The Nobles And The Commons In Athens And Rome,: With The… (1967) 3 copies
The Prose Works of Jonathan Swift, D.D. - Volume 03 Swift's Writings on Religion and the Church - Volume 1 (2012) 3 copies
Swift's humoristische Werke : Vollständig in drei Bänden Erster Band Vermischte prosaische Schriften 3 copies
Gullivers Reisen: Überarbeitete Altfassung (Klassiker bei Null Papier) (German Edition) (2013) 3 copies
The poetical works of Jonathan Swift 3 copies
Gulliver's Travels (Classic Starts) 3 copies
JONATHAN SWIFT 3 copies
the poetical works of jonathan swift 3 copies
Biblioteca Basica Salvat libro RTV numero 012:Viajes de gulliver (numerado 1 en interior cubierta) (1969) 3 copies
Gullivers Reisen. Alle Bände 3 copies
Gulliver Travels Part 2 - into Several Remote Nations of the World : Complete and Unabridged with Extensive Notes (2013) 3 copies
I viaggi di Gulliver. Vol. II 3 copies
Il decano e Vanessa 3 copies
Gullivers Travels, and selected writings in prose & verse / Swift ; edited by John Hayward (1939) 2 copies
When I Come to be Old 2 copies
Gulliver's travels 2 copies
Poetry and prose 2 copies
Gulliver's Travels and other stories 2 copies
Miscellanies. 2 copies
Viatge a Laputa 2 copies
Ein bescheidener Vorschlag, wie man verhindern kann, daß die Kinder der Armen ihren Eltern oder dem Lande zur Last… (1975) 2 copies
Gulliver's Travels abridged version: A Genesis Curriculum Rainbow Reader (Indigo Series) (2015) 2 copies
Gulliver az óriások között 2 copies
A Proposal for Correcting, Improving and Ascertaining the English Tongue; in a Letter To the Most Honorable Robert,… (1953) 2 copies
LOS VIAJES DE GULLIVER 2 copies
Libelli 2 copies
The Prose Works of Jonathan Swift, D.D. - Volume 09 Contributions to The Tatler, The Examiner, The Spectator, and The… (2012) 2 copies
The Prose Works of Jonathan Swift, D.D. - Volume 07 Historical and Political Tracts-Irish (2006) 2 copies
Cuentos de la selva por Napoleon Bonaparte, Savile y otros cuentos / Jungle Tales of Napoleon Bonaparte, Savile and… (2006) 2 copies
The Prose Works of Jonathan Swift, D.D. - Volume 04 Swift's Writings on Religion and the Church - Volume 2 (2012) 2 copies
SELECTED POEMS OF JONATHAN SWIFT 2 copies
Gullivers rejser, andet bind 2 copies
THE WORKS OF JONATHAN SWIFT Blacks Readers Service Hardcover 1932 [Hardcover] Jonathan Swift 2 copies
Selections from the Journal to Stella,: A tale of a tub, Personal letters and Gulliver's travels, (Little… (1901) 2 copies
Swift's Polite Conversation 2 copies
Jonathan Swift's Word-book : a vocabulary compiled for Esther Johnson and copied in her own hand (2017) 2 copies
Four Notable Works by Jonathan Swift (Complete and Unabridged), Including: Gulliver's Travels, a Modest Proposal, a… (2013) 2 copies
The British Essayists: Tatler Vol 3 2 copies
Miscellanies. "the last volume." 2 copies
La cuestion de Irlanda: (seleccion de articulos sobre Irlanda) = Irish tracts (Erasmo) (1982) 2 copies
La cuestion de Irlanda: (seleccion de articulos sobre Irlanda) = Irish tracts (Erasmo) (1982) 2 copies
Les voyages de gulliver (adapté) 2 copies
GULIVER'S TRAVELS 2 copies
Dilbert Bunch 2 copies
Podróże Guliwera 2 copies
Una modesta proposició 2 copies
The Poems of Jonathan Swift 2 copies
Gulliver's Travels Into Several Remote Nations of the World: a New Edition, Edited for Young Readers (1894) 2 copies
The conduct of the allies and of the late ministry, in beginning and carrying on the present war 1 copy
Gulliver's Travels 1 copy
Human Ordure, Botanically Considered. The First Essay, of the Kind, Ever Published in the World. By Dean Swift (2018) 1 copy
Gulliver's Travels 1 copy
Gulliver's Travels 1 copy
Gullivers Reisen 1 copy
LOS VIAJES DE GULLIVER I 1 copy
LOS VIAJES DE GULLIVER II 1 copy
Le conte du tonneau. Contenant tout ce que les arts et les sciences ont de plus sublime et de plus mystérieux.… (1911) 1 copy
Travels Into Several Remote Nations Of The World By Lemuel Gulliver, First A Surgeon And Then A Captain Of Several… (2017) 1 copy
GULLIVER CUCELER ULKESINDE 1 copy
Gullivers Travels. 1 copy
Gulliver's travels into several remote nations of the world, (Immortal masterpieces of literature [vol. 10]) (1937) 1 copy
Gulliver's Travels Etc. 1 copy
LOS VIAJES DE GULLIVER 1 copy
HI Iviaggi di Gulliver 1 copy
Pensamentos 1 copy
Los viajes de Gulliver 1 copy
The Works of the Rev. Jonathan Swift, D.D. ...: With Notes, Historical and Critical Volume 1 (2015) 1 copy
The Adventure Collection 1 copy
GULLIVER'S TRAVELS by Jonathan Swift. Illustrated by Don Irwin. Educator Classic Library Young Adult Illustrated and… (1970) 1 copy
Gulliver's travels into several remote nations of the world. By: Jonathan Swift and ill. Arthur Rackham (2017) 1 copy
Letters written by the late Jonathan Swift, and several of his friends from the year 1703 to 1740 1 copy
Shorter Prose Works 1 copy
Los Viajes De Gulliver/ Gulliver's Journey (Clasicos Para La Juventud / Youth Classics) (Spanish Edition) (2006) 1 copy
The Fore-Edge Painter 1 copy
ГУЛЛИВЕР В СТРАНЕ ЛИЛИПУТОВ. GULLIVER V STRANE LILIPUTOV. GULLIVER IN THE LILIPUTIAN LAND. (2020) 1 copy
Gulliver's Bird Book 1 copy
The Naked Truth 1 copy
The Corner Game 1 copy
FÁBULAS ENCANTADAS 1 copy
A Tale of a Tub 1 copy
Poetical Works 1 copy
Gulliver's Stories 1 copy
GULLIVERER BHRAMAN KATHA 1 copy
גוליבר : מסעיו ועלילותיו 1 copy
Gulliver du k©ư 1 copy
GULLIVER`IN GEZILERI 1 copy
Gulliver Ressuscite, Parts 1-2: Ou Les Voyages, Campagnes Et Aventures Extraordinaires (1787) (French Edition) (2009) 1 copy
গালিভারের ভ্রমণকথা 1 copy
Gulliver`s Travels 1 copy
Gulliver's Travels 1 copy
Gulliver's Travels 1 copy
Gulliver du ký 1 copy
Camchuairt Ghuilivéir 1 copy
The Golden Story Book 1 copy
gulliver travels in lilliput 1 copy
Preceitos 1 copy
Swift's select works 1 copy
SWIFT-VOLTAIRE-DIDEROT 1 copy
Τα ταξίδια του Γκιούλιβερ 1 copy
Gulliver's Travels [Puffin Classics] — Author — 1 copy
Gulliver's Travel 1 copy
A Modest Proposal and Other Works by Jonathan Swift (Unexpurgated Edition) (Halcyon Classics) 1 copy
Szatírák és röpiratok 1 copy
Culliver's Travels 1 copy
La favola della botte 1 copy
Scritti satirici e polemici 1 copy
Swift's Gulliver's Travels 1 copy
The Works of Jonathan Swift 1 copy
Antique Rare Gulliver's Travel's by Dean Swift (1895) Vintage Hardcover Book [Hardcover] Unknown 1 copy
Udhëtimet e Guliverit 1 copy
Gulliver bei den Zwergen 1 copy
By Jonathan Swift - Writings of Jonathan Swift (Norton Critical Edition): 1st (first) Edition 1 copy
The viking Portable Swift 1 copy
Gullivers Rejser 1 og 2 1 copy
Lo spogliatoio della signora 1 copy
Gulliver’s Travels, etc. 1 copy
Greatest Works of Jonathan Swift: A Tale of a Tub, The Battle of the Books, The Drapier's Letters, Gulliver's… (2012) 1 copy
Jonathan Swift 1 copy
Gulliver's Travel & Other Writing History — Author — 1 copy
Stella's Birth-Days : Poems 1 copy
Satire scelte 1 copy
Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels: The Voyages to Lilliput and Brobdingnag, with an Introductory Sketch… (1896) 1 copy
The Spectator 1 copy
Poetry & prose 1 copy
Podróże Guliwera 1 copy
Aboliamo il cristianesimo! 1 copy
Miscellanies. Vol. 1, 6 1 copy
The Battle of the Books. Extracted from Selections from Swift edited by Sir Henry Craik (1912) 1 copy
Mährchen von der Tonne Eine neue Übersetzung mit Erläuterungen von dem Verfasser der Briefe eines reisenden… (1986) 1 copy
The Select Works of Jonathan Swift (Volume 2); Containing the Whole of His Poetical Works, the Tale of a Tab, Battle of… (2010) 1 copy
The Select Works of Jonathan Swift: Containing the Whole of His Poetical Works, the Tale of a Tub, Battle of the Books,… (2009) 1 copy
Gulliver's Travels In Plain and Simple English (A Modern Translation and the Original Version) (2012) 1 copy
Gullivers rejser 1-2 1 copy
A letter of advice to a young poet: together with a proposal for the encouragement of poetry in this Kingdom. By J.… (2010) 1 copy
Justice and Lawyers 1 copy
Directions to Servants and Miscellaneous Pieces, 1733-1742 (The Prose Writings of Jonathan Swift, Vol. 13) (1973) 1 copy
Gullivers Reisen. Nach alten Ausg. neu erzählt von Franz Taucher u. mit zahlreichen Ill. von Lajos von Horvath (1947) 1 copy
Gulliver în ţara piticilor 1 copy
La mécanique de l'esprit 1 copy
Three Sermons 1 copy
The Works of the Reverend Jonathan Swift DD, Dean of St. Patrick's Dublin Carefully Selected with a Life of the Author… (1869) 1 copy
Viajes de Gulliver : Cuento de una barrica. La conducta de los aliados. Humilde propuesta. De "Los papeles de… (1988) 1 copy
Letters and journals of Jonathan Swift. Selected and edited with a commentary and notes, by Stanley Lane-Poole. (1885) 1 copy
GULLIVER'S TRAVELS GREAT ILLUSTRATED CLASSICS with illustrations reproducing for early edition and photographs of… (1950) 1 copy
Essays 1 copy
Penguin Great Ideas : A Tale of A Tub: Written by Jonathan Swift, 2004 Edition, (New Ed) Publisher: Penguin [Paperback] (2004) 1 copy
Swift oeuvres 1 copy
A proposal for correcting the English tongue, polite conversation, etc (The prose works of Jonathan Swift) (1957) 1 copy
Los viajes de Gulliver — Author — 1 copy
Gullivers Reisen 1 copy
Résolutions pour quand je vieillirai et autres pensées sur divers sujets (Folio Sagesses) (French Edition) (2018) 1 copy
Satiren 1 copy
Gulliver . Viaje a Liliput 1 copy
I quattro viaggi di Gulliver 1 copy
Gulliver's voyage to Lilliput, by Jonathan Swift, in the corresponding style of Pitman's shorthand 1 copy
Los viajes de Gulliver (Con notas y completo): y "Una modesta proposición" (anotado por Álvaro… (2014) 1 copy
Beteja e librave 1 copy
Modeste proposition pour empêcher les enfants des pauvres d'être à la charge de leurs parents ou: de leur pays et… (2006) 1 copy
The Poetical Works of Dr. Jonathan Swift, Dean of St. Patrick's, Dublin. In Four Volumes. With the Life of the… (1787) 1 copy
Swift's Works 1 copy
The Works of Dr. Jonathan Swift, Dean of St. Patrick's, Dublin, Vol. 4 (Classic Reprint) (2017) 1 copy
The works of Dean Swift : embracing Gulliver's travels, Tale of a tub, Battle of the books, etc. 1 copy
Jonathan Swift - A Selection Of His Works: Gulliver's Travels; A Tale Of A Tub; The Battle of The Books; A Modest… (1969) 1 copy
Cuento de un tonel 1 copy
A Treatise on Good Manners and Good Breeding (The Complete Harvard Classics, Vol. 27) (KINDLE) 1 copy
La storia di Gulliver 1 copy
Gulliver's Travels Into Several Remote Nations of the World. Introduction By John F. Ross (1966) 1 copy
Voyage de Gulliver 1 copy
Gulliver's Travels. Based on Jonathan Swift's Immortal Tale. Based on Paramount's Motion Picture (1939) 1 copy
Swift Jonathan 1 copy
Gulliver's Travels, etc 1 copy
Gulliver en Liliput 1 copy
Gullivers Reisen. Alle Bände 1 copy
The Battle of the Books and Other Short Pieces: (Dr. Jonathan Swift Classics Collection) (2015) — Author — 1 copy
Humble proposition suivie de Proposition pour la généralisation des produits irlandais (2002) 1 copy
Associated Works
Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama (1995) — Contributor, some editions — 929 copies
The Graphic Canon, Vol. 1: From the Epic of Gilgamesh to Shakespeare to Dangerous Liaisons (2012) — Contributor — 283 copies
The Sophisticated Cat: A Gathering of Stories, Poems, and Miscellaneous Writings About Cats (1992) — Contributor — 100 copies
The Graphic Canon of Children's Literature: The World's Greatest Kids' Lit as Comics and Visuals (2014) — Contributor — 90 copies
The world of law; a treasury of great writing about and in the law, short stories, plays, essays, accounts, letters,… (1960) — Contributor — 54 copies
Children's Classic Compendium: Jungle Book / Rip Van Winkle / Guilliver's Travels (1999) — Author — 29 copies
Out of the Best Books: An Anthology of Literature, Vol. 4: The World Around Us (1968) — Contributor — 29 copies
English Verse: Volume 3: The Eighteenth Century: Swift to Crabbe (Penguin Classics) (1995) — Contributor — 11 copies
Oogst der tijden : keur uit de werken van schrijvers en dichters aller volken en eeuwen (1940) — Contributor — 10 copies
One Thousand Years of Laughter: An Anthology a Classic Comic Prose (2002) — Contributor, some editions — 7 copies
A voyage to Cacklogallinia, with a description of the religion, policy, customs and manners of that country (1727) — attributed author, some editions — 7 copies
Fantastic Imaginings: A Journey Through 3500 Years of Imaginative Writing, Comprising Fantasy, Horror, and Science… (2012) — Contributor — 4 copies
Piirakkasota : Valikoima huumoria — Contributor — 3 copies
Love & Marriage — Contributor — 2 copies
A Voyage to the Country of the Houyhnhnms — Author — 1 copy
Lilliput Magazine. November - December 1952. Vol. 31 no. 6. Issue no. 186. — Contributor — 1 copy
Nouveaux mémoires du chevalier Guillaume Temple, ambassadeur & plénipotentiaire de la Grande Bretagne en diverses… — Introduction, some editions — 1 copy
Tagged
Common Knowledge
- Canonical name
- Swift, Jonathan
- Legal name
- Swift, Jonathan
- Other names
- Bickerstaff, Isaac
- Birthdate
- 1667-11-30
- Date of death
- 1745-10-19
- Burial location
- St. Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin, Ireland
- Gender
- male
- Nationality
- UK
- Country (for map)
- Ireland
- Birthplace
- Dublin, Kingdom of Ireland
- Place of death
- Dublin, Ireland
- Places of residence
- Dublin, Ireland
Surrey, England, UK
London, England, UK
Trim, Meath, Ireland - Education
- Kilkenny School
Trinity College, Dublin (BA|1686, "by speciali gratia"|D.Div|1702)
Oxford University (MA|1692) - Occupations
- clergyman
poet
writer
dean (St. Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin, Ireland)
secretary
editor - Relationships
- Sheridan, Thomas (godson, friend)
Pope, Alexander (friend)
Godwin, Francis (great-great uncle)
Pilkington, Laetitia (friend) - Organizations
- Scriblerus Club
Kit-Cat Club - Short biography
- Jonathan Swift (30 November 1667 – 19 October 1745) was an Anglo-Irish satirist, essayist, political pamphleteer (first for the Whigs, then for the Tories), poet and cleric who became Dean of St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin, hence his common sobriquet, "Dean Swift".
Swift is remembered for works such as A Tale of a Tub (1704), An Argument Against Abolishing Christianity (1712), Gulliver's Travels (1726), and A Modest Proposal (1729). He is regarded by the Encyclopædia Britannica as the foremost prose satirist in the English language, and is less well known for his poetry. He originally published all of his works under pseudonyms – such as Lemuel Gulliver, Isaac Bickerstaff, M. B. Drapier – or anonymously. He was a master of two styles of satire, the Horatian and Juvenalian styles.
His deadpan, ironic writing style, particularly in A Modest Proposal, has led to such satire being subsequently termed "Swiftian". - Disambiguation notice
- Please be careful not to mistakenly combine full versions and abridged versions of Jonathan Swift's works.
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Statistics
- Works
- 950
- Also by
- 69
- Members
- 39,972
- Popularity
- #443
- Rating
- 3.7
- Reviews
- 434
- ISBNs
- 2,175
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- 34
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- 86
Gulliver’s Travels was published in 1726 by Irish author Jonathan Swift. It is the story of the travels of ship's surgeon, Lemuel Gulliver to various fantastical lands.
Gulliver first travels to Lilliput, a land of tiny people caught up with political rivalries between the High Heels and the Low Heels and religious disputes between the “Big Endians” and the “Small Endians” in reference to where they cut their eggs.
Next he travels to Brobdingnag, a land of giants where he has the reverse experience of being the small and vulnerable one. Thirdly he travels to Laputa, a land where the focus is so much on science and experiments that the whole country has fallen into a dysfunctional state. Lastly he lives in the Land of the Houyhnhnms, where he finally realises he is the same as the despised and vulgar Yahoos and begins to idolize his wise horsey overlords.
I began this book feeling that the narrator was an over-intrusive pompous colonialistic ass. Gradually I realised that there were strong elements of satire to the story and there was indeed some self-awareness about the follies and evils of colonialism. Some of the countries he visited were horrified at his descriptions of the bloodthirsty wars of the British and forced Gulliver to reevaluate his own sense of superiority. However, despite the clever political satire, I couldn’t get past my perception of Gulliver being a boring pompous white guy who I didn’t really like. And although I realise you can’t judge an 18th century book by 21st century moral values, I found his sexism, racism and homophobia trying to read. 3 stars for imagination and cleverness.… (more)